1. Chiyambi
Polyethylene terephthalate (PET) ndi imodzi mwa ma thermoplastics ogwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi. Monga chinthu chachikulu chopangira mabotolo a zakumwa, ma CD a chakudya, ndi ulusi wopangidwa, PET imaphatikiza zinthu zabwino kwambiri zakuthupi ndi kubwezeretsanso. Nkhaniyi ikufotokoza makhalidwe ofunikira a PET, njira zokonzera, ndi ntchito zosiyanasiyana m'mafakitale osiyanasiyana.
2. Katundu wa Zinthu
Katundu Wathupi ndi Wamakina
- Chiŵerengero Champhamvu Kwambiri Pakulemera: Mphamvu yolimba ya 55-75 MPa
- Kumveka bwino: >90% kutumiza kuwala (magiredi a kristalo)
- Kapangidwe ka Zotchinga: Kukana kwabwino kwa CO₂/O₂ (kowonjezeredwa ndi zokutira)
- Kukana Kutentha: Kutha kugwiritsidwa ntchito mpaka 70°C (150°F) mosalekeza
- Kuchuluka: 1.38-1.40 g/cm³ (yosasinthika), 1.43 g/cm³ (yofiira)
Kukana Mankhwala
- Kukana bwino madzi, mowa, mafuta
- Kukana pang'ono ku asidi/mabowo ofooka
- Kusalimba kwa alkali wamphamvu, zosungunulira zina
Mbiri Yachilengedwe
- Khodi Yobwezeretsanso Zinthu: #1
- Chiwopsezo cha Hydrolysis: Chimachepa kutentha kwambiri/pH
- Kubwezeretsanso: Kungathe kukonzedwanso nthawi 7-10 popanda kutayika kwakukulu kwa katundu
3. Njira Zogwiritsira Ntchito
| Njira | Mapulogalamu Odziwika | Mfundo Zofunika Kuziganizira |
|---|---|---|
| Kupaka Jakisoni Tambasulani Nkhonya | Mabotolo a zakumwa | Kuyang'ana mbali ziwiri za thupi (Biaxial) kumawonjezera mphamvu |
| Kutulutsa | Mafilimu, mapepala | Pamafunika kuziziritsa mwachangu kuti ziwonekere bwino |
| Kupota kwa Ulusi | Nsalu (poliyesitala) | Kuzungulira mwachangu kwambiri pa 280-300°C |
| Kukonza kutentha | Mathireyi a chakudya | Kuumitsa kofunikira (≤50 ppm chinyezi) |
4. Ntchito Zazikulu
Kupaka (73% ya zomwe zimafunika padziko lonse lapansi)
- Mabotolo a Zakumwa: mayunitsi 500 biliyoni pachaka
- Ziwiya Zodyera: Mathireyi Otha Kuphikidwa mu Microwave, Zipolopolo za Saladi
- Mankhwala: Mapaketi a matuza, mabotolo a mankhwala
Nsalu (zofunika 22%)
- Ulusi wa Polyester: Zovala, mipando yokongoletsera
- Nsalu Zaukadaulo: Malamba achitetezo, malamba onyamulira katundu
- Zosaluka: Ma Geotextiles, zosefera
Kugwiritsa Ntchito Komwe Kukukula (5% koma Kukukula)
- Kusindikiza kwa 3D: Ulusi wamphamvu kwambiri
- Zamagetsi: Mafilimu oteteza kutentha, zigawo za capacitor
- Mphamvu Zongowonjezedwanso: Mapepala osungira ma solar panel
5. Kupititsa patsogolo Kukhazikika
Ukadaulo Wobwezeretsanso Zinthu
- Kubwezeretsanso Makina (90% ya PET yobwezeretsanso)
- Njira yotsuka-kusungunuka-kusungunuka
- Kuyeretsa bwino chakudya kumafuna kuyeretsa kwambiri
- Kubwezeretsanso Mankhwala
- Glycolysis/depolymerization kukhala monomers
- Njira zatsopano za enzyme
PET Yochokera ku Bio
- 30% ya zigawo za MEG zochokera ku zomera
- Ukadaulo wa Coca-Cola wa PlantBottle™
- Mtengo wapano: 20-25%
6. Kuyerekeza ndi Mapulasitiki Ena
| Katundu | PET | HDPE | PP | PLA |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Kumveka bwino | Zabwino kwambiri | Chowonekera | Wonyezimira | Zabwino |
| Kugwiritsa Ntchito Kutentha Kwambiri | 70°C | 80°C | 100°C | 55°C |
| Choletsa Mpweya | Zabwino | Wosauka | Wocheperako | Wosauka |
| Mtengo Wobwezeretsanso | 57% | 30% | 15% | <5% |
7. Chiyembekezo cha Mtsogolo
PET ikupitilizabe kulamulira ma phukusi ogwiritsidwa ntchito kamodzi kokha pamene ikukula kukhala ntchito zolimba kudzera mu:
- Ukadaulo wowonjezera wotchinga (zophimba za SiO₂, multilayer)
- Zipangizo zamakono zobwezeretsanso zinthu (PET yobwezeretsanso mankhwala)
- Kusintha kwa magwiridwe antchito (nano-composites, zosinthira zotsatira)
Ndi magwiridwe ake apadera, kuthekera kokonza zinthu, komanso kubwezeretsanso zinthu, PET ikadali yofunika kwambiri pa chuma cha dziko lonse cha pulasitiki pamene ikupita ku mitundu yozungulira yopanga zinthu.
Nthawi yotumizira: Julayi-21-2025